1. Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C). Brush eggplant and potato slices with olive oil, season with salt, and roast on parchment-lined baking sheets for 20-25 minutes until tender.
2. In a large skillet over medium heat, sauté onion and garlic in olive oil until translucent. Add ground beef and cook until browned, breaking it up with a spoon.
3. Stir in tomato paste, crushed tomatoes, cinnamon, and allspice. Simmer for 20 minutes on low heat until the liquid has reduced and the sauce is thick; season with salt and pepper.
4. Prepare the béchamel by melting butter in a saucepan over medium heat. Whisk in flour and cook for 2 minutes, then gradually whisk in milk until smooth and thickened. Remove from heat and stir in egg yolks, nutmeg, and half the cheese.
5. To assemble, grease a 9×13 inch baking dish. Layer the potatoes on the bottom, followed by the eggplant slices, then spread the meat sauce evenly over the vegetables.
6. Pour the béchamel sauce over the meat layer and sprinkle with the remaining cheese. Bake at 350°F (175°C) for 35-40 minutes until the top is deeply golden brown.
7. Allow the dish to rest for at least 20 minutes before cutting into squares to ensure the layers hold their shape.
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